Effective weed control is not only achieved by controlling the growth and reproduction of weeds within an existing population, but also by ensuring that weed seed reserves in the soil are depleted and by maintaining a strong, resilient pasture that minimises further weed germination.
Some weeds spread by reproductive means, while others spread by vegetative means. Others have evolved to reproduce by a combination of both, so it’s important to understand the target weed and ensure that individual plants are either controlled before seeding and/or all vegetative plant parts are removed, including the roots, stems, branches, stolons, tubers or other plant parts which may allow the plant to propagate vegetatively.
For effective weed control, an integrated management program needs to be implemented where a coordinated range of suitable chemical and non-chemical control methods are used. The following methods may be used depending on the suitability for control of the target weeds:
- Herbicide application.
- Grass Competition.
- Biological control.
- Slashing.
- Ploughing.
- Digging or Grubbing out (for small infestations).
- Use of farm animals such as sheep and goats for grazing management.
Some of these methods, however, may be more effective than others depending on the target weed. Used on the wrong weed, some of these methods may spread further.
It is important to ensure when implementing a weed management program that your chosen methods comply with your weed control obligations under the Biosecurity Act 2015. Ongoing control is required to control new germination’s and, in the case of some woody weeds, regrowth. This can be achieved by regularly checking your property for new growth, bearing in mind different weeds germinate and grow at different times of the year. Prior to control, care needs to be taken in correctly identifying weed species.
To achieve long term control, it is necessary to maintain a strong, competitive pasture to compete with new weed germination. If your existing pasture is badly deteriorated you should seek agronomic advice, as your best option may be to establish a new pasture.
If you are using herbicides, caution needs to be exercised. The product label and safety directions must be followed. The herbicide should be applied using correctly calibrated equipment under suitable environmental conditions to avoid damage to non-target plants.
The Local Land Services or your local agronomist can provide advice on correct selection, mixing and application of herbicides.